Doubly reinforced beam design- Step by Step Numerical

In a cross-section of concrete beam, if the reinforcements are provided in both the compression and tension zones, it is called a “Doubly reinforced beam”.

Why to provide Doubly reinforced beam?

This type of beam is mostly provided when the depth of the beam is restricted. and by increasing the steel in the tension zone, the moment of resistance cannot be increased.

This type of beam is provided to increase the moment of resistance of a beam having limited dimensions.

Analysis of Doubly reinforced beam

Analysis steps for doubly reinforced rectangular beams are summarized below:

Step(1)     Find the limiting value of depth of neutral axis (Xu,max) by using the clause 38.1 of code IS 456:2000.

Step(2)    Assuming fsc = fst  = 0.87fy and considering force equilibrium, find Xu;

Doubly reinforced beam design- Step by Step Numerical

Where, fcc = compressive stress in concrete at the level of compressive steel

So, we can take

    Fcc  = 0.446fck

Step(3)    Compare Xu with Xu,max, if XuDoubly reinforced beam design- Step by Step NumericalXu,max, the section is bakanced or under reinforced section. So, the assumption made in step(1) i.e. st = 0.87fy is OK.

             If Xu>Xu,max, then the section is over reinforced section and hence use strain compatibility method to find fst.

Step(4)    Find the strain in compressive steel

Doubly reinforced beam design- Step by Step Numerical

Step(5)     Find the moment of resistance (Mu) by using equation;

Doubly reinforced beam design- Step by Step Numerical

Example:

Q)  Find the moment of resistance (Mu) of the beam for the following data given below:

Width of beam (b) = 250 mm

Effective depth of beam (d) = 360 mm

Effective cover (d’) = 40 mm

Grade of concrete is M20

Grade of steel is fe 415

Steel used is 3-16 mm ɸ bars

Solution:

From given,

B  = 250 mm

d =  360 mm

d’ = 40 mm

fck = 20 N/mm2

fy = 415 N/mm2

3-16 mm ɸ bars are used.

Since steels bars provided in only tension side, so it is singly reinforced rectangular beam.

Now, Analysis steps:

Step(1)        Calculation of area of reinforcement in beam:

Doubly reinforced beam design- Step by Step Numerical

Step(2)       Calculation of depth of neutral axis (xu):

                  By using horizontal equilibrium:

                    C  =  T

  • 0.36 fck bxu = fs Ast

Assume, it is under reinforced section, then, we have for under reinforced section

Doubly reinforced beam design- Step by Step Numerical

Step(3)      Calculation of limiting value of depth and neutral axis (xu,lim):

From clause 38.1 of code IS 456:2000

Doubly reinforced beam design- Step by Step Numerical
  • Xu,max = 0.48*360

                      = 172.8 mm

          Doubly reinforced beam design- Step by Step Numerical xu,max = 172.8 mm

Doubly reinforced beam design- Step by Step NumericalComparison of xu and xu,max:

Since, xu (=120.98)<xu,max(=172.8 mm)

Hence, section is under reinforced section

Then, assumption in step(2) is OK.

Step(5)     Calculation of moment of resistance (Mu):

 Since, for under reinforced section,

Doubly reinforced beam design- Step by Step Numerical

= 67497298.35 N-mm

Mu = 67.49 KN-m

Hence, Moment of resistance of beam is

        Mu = 67.49 KN-m

Design of Doubly reinforced beam

Doubly reinforced beam design- Step by Step

1) A doubly reinforced beam of size 230 mm x 500 mm effective is subjected to a factored moment of 200 KNm.  Use M20 concrete and Fe 415 steel.

Solution;

          Given:                    

Breadth ( b )= 230 mm                        

Depth(  d )= 500 mm

Mu = 200 KNm   =  200 x 106 mm

Fck = 20 N/mm2

fy = 415 N/mm2

Step-1

Doubly reinforced beam design

Step-2

Limiting moment of resistance (Mulim)

Doubly reinforced beam design

= 0.48 x 500 = 240 mm

              Mu lim = 0.36x 20x 230x 240 (500- 0.42 x 240 )

                         = 158658048 Nmm

Mu2 = Mu – Mu lim

        = 200 x 106 – 158658048

Mu2 = 41341952 Nmm

Step-3

Area of tension steel (Ast)

Ast  = Ast1 + Ast2

Where,

Doubly reinforced beam design

Total area of tension steel = Ast1 + Ast2

                                                = 1100.7 + 254.2   = 1354.9 mm2

Doubly reinforced beam design- Step by Step Numerical

Doubly reinforced beam design- Step by Step Numerical provide 5 – 20 mm diameter bars as tension steel.

Step-3

Doubly reinforced beam design

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"Structural Engineer" with over 5 years of experience in estimation, structural design, and surveying. I am passionate about using his skills to create safe and sustainable structures. I am also a keen writer, and I enjoy sharing my knowledge and experiences with others.

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