In this method, at first Height of the instrument is calculated for each set of the instrument by adding backsight (BS) to the elevation of the benchmark.
The height of the instrument is nothing but the reduced level of the top of the levelling machine. The top level of the leveling machine has been marked with scratch as shown in the figure below. Before calculating the height of the instrument in surveying, we should know some important terms used for leveling.
1) BS (Back Sight Reading)
The first reading of staff in surveying taken by the first placing of levelling machine is known as back sight-reading. The staff is placed on the point whose benchmark is given. Like 100 m, 150 m from sea level.
2) IS (Intermediate Sight)
All the staff reading after BS and before FS in the surveying is known as Intermediate reading.
3) Fore Sight (FS)
The last reading of staff in surveying taken before replacing or changing the position of the tripod or leveling is known as foresight-reading.
How to read Staff rod?
How to calculate height of instrument in surveying?
First of all, we should do temporary and permanent adjustments to the levelling. Let me tell you in short, temporary adjustment of the levelling is to level the tripod, horizontal and vertical centering, etc. and Permanent adjustment of the level is to focus on the staff with the telescope head.
Now, let us go through step by step procedures to calculate the height of the instrument.
1) fix levelling machine with accurate temporary and permanent adjustments.
2) Put the staff on the ground whose R.L.
3) Take a reading of staff with the help of levelling machine.
4) now apply the formula below to calculate the height of the instrument.
5) Now, take further reading as I.S and FS. to complete the survey.
So, Height of instrument = R.L + Staff Reading
or, H.I = R.L + BS
or, RL = HI – BS
or, RL = HI – IS
or, RL = HI – FS
Where HI is the height of the instrument.
Let us take an example,
The Known R.L of the ground on which we put staff to be 100. m. and the staff reading is 1.5 meters. Then we have a height of the instrument will be R.L + Staff reading. i.e = 100 + 1.5 m = 101.5 meter.
Numerical
Different readings were taken with the help of a 4-meter levelling staff rod and levelling machine continuously sloping the ground at 30-meter intervals. The value of the benchmark is 520.450 meters. The first reading of staff at point A is 0.585 meters. 0.936, 1.953, 2.846, 3.644, 3.938, 0.962, 1.035, 1.689, 2.534, 3.844, 0.956, 1.579, 3.016 on B. Apply usual Check.
Solution:-
Calculation
1) HI = RL + BS
= 520.450 + 0.585
HI = 521.035 meter @A
2) RL = HI – IS
RL = 521.035 – 0.936
RL = 520.099 meter @30 m
3) RL = HI – IS
RL = 521.035 – 1.953
RL = 519.082 meter @60 m
Follow the similar steps.
Now, Arithmetic Check
∑ BS – ∑ FS = Last RL – First RL
2.503 – 10.798 = 512.155 – 520.450
– 8.295 = – 8.295 (OK)
I hope this article remains helpful for you.
Calculation Table
| Station | Distance | BS | IS | FS | HI | RL | Remarks |
| A | 0 | 0.585 | 521.035 | 520.450 | Bench-Mark | ||
| 30 | 0.936 | 521.035 | 520.099 | ||||
| 60 | 1.953 | 521.035 | 519.082 | ||||
| 90 | 2.846 | 521.035 | 518.189 | ||||
| 120 | 3.644 | 521.035 | 517.391 | ||||
| 150 | 0.962 | 3.938 | 518.059 | 517.097 | CP1 | ||
| 180 | 1.035 | 518.059 | 517.024 | ||||
| 210 | 1.689 | 518.059 | 516.370 | ||||
| 240 | 2.534 | 518.059 | 515.525 | ||||
| 270 | 0.956 | 3.844 | 515.171 | 514.215 | CP2 | ||
| 300 | 1.589 | 515.171 | 513.592 | ||||
| B | 330 | 3.016 | 512.155 |
Height of instrument in surveying Calculation Video?
Happy learning – Civil concept
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