Introduction of valuation
Valuation is an art of assessing ( finding out ) the present fair value of the property ( land, land and building, factory, machine, etc). Hence, by valuation, the present price or the value of a property is determined. The valuation of building depends on various factors.
In other words, valuation is an art of judgment based on experience and relevant statistical data to forecast the value of a property at present.
The present value of a property may decide by its selling price or income or rent it may fetch. The value of the property depends on its structure, life, maintenance, location, bank interest, legal control, etc.
The value also depends on supply or demand and the purpose for which valuation is required, and continually varies with age, physical state and characteristics of the property itself.
Cost means the original cost of construction while value means the present value (saleable value ) which may be higher or lower than the cost. A building whole cost of construction is Rs. 50000, when put for sale may fetch Rs. 60000, this sale price is the value of the building. Similarly, the value may be less than the original cost.
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Purpose of valuation
The main purpose of valuation are as follows;
- Buying or selling property
- For mortgage as security loan
- For determination of rent
- For tax fixation or assessment of taxes
- For compulsory acquisition
- To determine speculation i.e. more than the fair price in selling
- To determine betterment charges i.e. more than the fair price in buying
- For fixation of insurance premium
- For probate
- For the partition of a property
- To determine the compensation for any loss due to earthquake, war, etc.
Principle of valuation of building
When resorting to the valuation of any property a valuator thrust is an expert in the trade. He must have scored knowledge of planning, designing, and construction of a property. He should be aware of administrative laws wire town planning laws, rent, restrictor acts, local taxes, etc.
The following principles should be observed at the time of evaluating fair and reasonable value of a property.
- Cost depends upon the supply and demand of property.
- Cost depends upon its design, specification of the materials used and location of the property.
- Cost varies with the purpose for which valuation is made.
- Cost is affected by the age of the property and its physical conditions.
- In valuation, a vender must be willing to sell and the purchaser willing to buy.
- Present and future use if any property should be given due weight age in valuation.
- Cost analysis must be based on statistical data as it may sometime require evidence in the court.
Factors affecting the valuation
The following are the factors that affect the valuation of building
- Location
- Climatic condition
- Population census
- Supply and demand function
- Rate of interest
- Topography
- Rent restriction act
- Security on capital
- Abnormal condition
- Purpose
Terms used in valuation
The following are the term commonly used in valuation:
- Value and cost
- Book value
- Assessed value
- Distress value or forced sale value
- Replacement value
- Retable value
- Potential value
- Annuity
- Perpetual annuity
- Differed annuity
- Scrap value
- Salvage value
- Gross income
- Outgoings
- Net income
- Capitalized value
- Year’s purchase
- Sinking fund
- Depreciation
Hence, I hope this article on “factors affecting the valuation of building” remains helpful for you. Thank you.