In a cross-section of concrete beam, if the reinforcements are provided in both the compression and tension zones, it is called a “Doubly reinforced beam”.
Why to provide Doubly reinforced beam?
This type of beam is mostly provided when the depth of the beam is restricted. and by increasing the steel in the tension zone, the moment of resistance cannot be increased.
This type of beam is provided to increase the moment of resistance of a beam having limited dimensions.
Analysis of Doubly reinforced beam
Analysis steps for doubly reinforced rectangular beams are summarized below:
Step(1) Find the limiting value of depth of neutral axis (Xu,max) by using the clause 38.1 of code IS 456:2000.
Step(2) Assuming fsc = fst = 0.87fy and considering force equilibrium, find Xu;
Where, fcc = compressive stress in concrete at the level of compressive steel
So, we can take
Fcc = 0.446fck
Step(3) Compare Xu with Xu,max, if XuXu,max, the section is bakanced or under reinforced section. So, the assumption made in step(1) i.e. st = 0.87fy is OK.
If Xu>Xu,max, then the section is over reinforced section and hence use strain compatibility method to find fst.
Step(4) Find the strain in compressive steel
Step(5) Find the moment of resistance (Mu) by using equation;
Example:
Q) Find the moment of resistance (Mu) of the beam for the following data given below:
Width of beam (b) = 250 mm
Effective depth of beam (d) = 360 mm
Effective cover (d’) = 40 mm
Grade of concrete is M20
Grade of steel is fe 415
Steel used is 3-16 mm ɸ bars
Solution:
From given,
B = 250 mm
d = 360 mm
d’ = 40 mm
fck = 20 N/mm2
fy = 415 N/mm2
3-16 mm ɸ bars are used.
Since steels bars provided in only tension side, so it is singly reinforced rectangular beam.
Now, Analysis steps:
Step(1) Calculation of area of reinforcement in beam:
Step(2) Calculation of depth of neutral axis (xu):
By using horizontal equilibrium:
C = T
- 0.36 fck bxu = fs Ast
Assume, it is under reinforced section, then, we have for under reinforced section
Step(3) Calculation of limiting value of depth and neutral axis (xu,lim):
From clause 38.1 of code IS 456:2000
- Xu,max = 0.48*360
= 172.8 mm
xu,max = 172.8 mm
Comparison of xu and xu,max:
Since, xu (=120.98)<xu,max(=172.8 mm)
Hence, section is under reinforced section
Then, assumption in step(2) is OK.
Step(5) Calculation of moment of resistance (Mu):
Since, for under reinforced section,
= 67497298.35 N-mm
Mu = 67.49 KN-m
Hence, Moment of resistance of beam is
Mu = 67.49 KN-m
Design of Doubly reinforced beam
1) A doubly reinforced beam of size 230 mm x 500 mm effective is subjected to a factored moment of 200 KNm. Use M20 concrete and Fe 415 steel.
Solution;
Given:
Breadth ( b )= 230 mm
Depth( d )= 500 mm
Mu = 200 KNm = 200 x 106 mm
Fck = 20 N/mm2
fy = 415 N/mm2
Step-1
Step-2
Limiting moment of resistance (Mulim)
= 0.48 x 500 = 240 mm
Mu lim = 0.36x 20x 230x 240 (500- 0.42 x 240 )
= 158658048 Nmm
Mu2 = Mu – Mu lim
= 200 x 106 – 158658048
Mu2 = 41341952 Nmm
Step-3
Area of tension steel (Ast)
Ast = Ast1 + Ast2
Where,
Total area of tension steel = Ast1 + Ast2
= 1100.7 + 254.2 = 1354.9 mm2
provide 5 – 20 mm diameter bars as tension steel.
Step-3
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